DIRANG, Jun 30: Scientists from the ICAR–National Research Centre on Yak (ICAR–NRCY), Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh, have successfully demonstrated estrous synchronization and Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) technology in yaks under field conditions in Sikkim, resulting in the birth of 10 healthy yak calves conceived through artificial insemination.
The programme was implemented in Gnathang village of East Sikkim, a remote high-altitude settlement near the India-China border, in collaboration with local yak farmers. A total of 25 female yaks were enrolled in the programme, of which 14 conceived following estrous synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination, achieving a conception rate of 56 per cent.
Ten healthy yak calves were born on June 29 and 30, while the remaining calvings are expected in the coming days.
According to the scientists, the achievement marks a significant milestone in validating advanced reproductive technologies under natural field conditions in remote mountain regions. The success demonstrates that FTAI can be effectively implemented in high-altitude yak production systems, paving the way for wider adoption among yak-rearing communities in the region.
Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination combines estrous synchronization with timed insemination, eliminating the need for continuous heat detection. The technology enables efficient use of genetically superior breeding bulls, improves reproductive efficiency, accelerates genetic improvement and enhances the productivity and sustainability of yak farming.
Congratulating the research team, ICAR–NRCY Director Dr Mihir Sarkar said the achievement reflects the institute’s commitment to translating scientific research into farmer-centric technologies. He noted that the successful implementation of FTAI under field conditions at high altitude would contribute significantly to improving reproductive efficiency, promoting genetic improvement and supporting sustainable yak production in the Indian Himalayan Region.
The programme was led by Dr Mokhtar Hussain, Senior Scientist, with Dr Vijay Paul, Dr Dinamani Medhi and Dr Martina Pukhrambam as team members. The scientists acknowledged the support of the Department of Animal Husbandry, Livestock, Fisheries and Veterinary Services, Government of Sikkim, local veterinary officials and yak farmers of Gnathang village, whose cooperation was crucial to the programme's success.
The successful field demonstration is expected to encourage the wider adoption of assisted reproductive technologies in Sikkim and other yak-rearing states, strengthening scientific breeding programmes and improving the livelihoods of mountain farmers.