GUWAHATI, Jul 7: In a first for one of Northeast India’s most culturally treasured animals, scientists from ICAR–National Research Centre on Mithun have completed the first whole-genome study of Arunachal Pradesh's semi-domesticated mithun, providing a scientific foundation for the conservation and genetic improvement of the iconic bovine.
The researchers sequenced the complete genomes of 11 mithuns from five villages in East Siang and Lepa Rada districts, identifying nearly five million high-quality genetic markers. The findings have been published in the high impact factor scientific journal, International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
Scientists are now working toward a fuller characterisation of this distinct regional population, known as the Siangmi mithun (estimated at 15,000-20,000 animals), whose genetic signature reflects the long history and geographic isolation of the Siang communities that have reared these animals for centuries. The breed registration of this mithun population is pending after the team has characterized and registered world’s first mithun breed Nagami with ICAR – NBAGR, Karnal.
Researchers found that the Siang mithun retains moderate genetic diversity with no evidence of recent inbreeding, but ancient inbreeding with moderation, indicating healthy genetic status despite centuries of geographical isolation.
Scientists said the genome data would support conservation planning, selective breeding, pedigree management and the exchange of breeding bulls among villages to further strengthen the population.
India has around 3.84 lakh mithuns, nearly 70 per cent of them in Arunachal Pradesh, where the animal holds immense cultural, economic and social significance for indigenous communities.